Chapter 1.7.3 || Computer Memory || Component of Computer || in #Hindi

Welcome to Computer Gyan,
Computer Memory
Computer Memory is the internal and external storage area,Which holds the data and instructions during processing in the form of binary numbers.

Computer Memory can be classified into two categories:-
Primary Memory
Secondary Memory
There are two type Primary Memory:-
RAM
ROM

RAM-RAM stands for Random Access Memory.It is the internal memory that can be read from as well as written to.It can hold the data only on the temporary basis because it requires a continuous flow of electrical current.If current is interrupted, data is lost.
The two main form of RAM are:-
1.Static RAM-It is also written as SRAM.It is a memory that requires a constant power flow in order to hold information. SRAM is more expensive,faster and reliable than DRAM, it is widely used in electronics, microprocessor and general computing applications.

2.Dynamic RAM-It is also written as DRAM.It stores information in a cell containing a capacitor and transistor,these cells must refreshed with electric impulses in few miliseconds.
SRAM is more expensive and requires more power.

There are three enhanced versions of RAM:-

EDORAM(Extended Data Output Random Access Memory)
SDRAM(Synchronous Dynamic Random)
DDR SDRAM(Double Data Rate Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory)
ROM-ROM stands for Read Only Memory.In ROM information once
stored remain fixed,i.e. it can not be write, changed.So, ROM can
only be read and used.
ROM is divide into three type:-

PROM(Programmable Read Only Memory)-It is a computer memory chip ROM
Capable of being programmed after it has been created. But Once the PROM has been programmed, the information written is permanent and cannot be erased or deleted.

EPROM(Erasable Programmable read Only Memory)-It is a computer memory chip on which the written information can be changed by exposing to ultra violet light.

EEPROM(Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory)-It is a PROM that can be erased and reprogramming using an electrical charge.

Cache Memory- A CPU cache is a hardware cache used by the central processing unit (CPU) of a computer to reduce the average cost (time or energy) to access data from the main memory. A cache is a smaller, faster memory, closer to a processor core, which stores copies of the data from frequently used main memory locations.
Secondary Memory-Secondary memory,also known as Secondary storage. Secondary memory is where programs and data are kept on a long-term basis. Common secondary storage devices are the hard disk and optical disks. The hard disk has enormous storage capacity compared to main memory. 
Secondary memory device Include(Floppy Disk,Hard Disk Drive,
Magnetic Tape,Compact Disc(CD),Digital vedio Disc(DVD),Blue-ray Disk,
Pen/Flash/thumb Drive).

Floppy Disk(Diskette)-A Floppy Disk Drive is a computer device that
enables a user to save data on removal diskettes.It is made of plastic
with magnetic coating on it.Floppy disks are commonly used to move Floppy Disc
files between different computers.


Hard Disc Drive-
A hard disk drive, hard disk, hard drive, or fixed disk,
is an electro-mechanical data storage device that uses magnetic storage
to store and retrieve digital information . Hard disks hold more data and
are faster than floppy disks.In this information is recorded in bands of
Information is called a track. Hard Disc Drive
Magnetic Tape,Compact Disc,Digital Video Disc
Pen/Flash/Thumb Drive-
A flash drive is a data storage device that consists
of flash memory (USB memory/key memory) with an integrated, Universal
Serial Bus(USB) interface. USB flash drives are typically removable ,rewrittble
and physically much smaller than a floppy disk.

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